Publications: Influence and Technology Lab

Books

Roozenbeek, J. (2024). Propaganda and Ideology in the Russian-Ukrainian War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9781009244039.

Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2024). The Psychology of Misinformation. Cambridge: Cambridge University  Press. ISBN: 9781009214414.

Journal articles

Key publications

Panizza, F., Kyrychenko, Y., & Roozenbeek, J. (2026). Survey-taking AI tools surpass human abilities. Here’s what we can do about it. Nature, 650, 293-295. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-026-00386-2

Dek, A.*, Kyrychenko, Y., van der Linden, S., & Roozenbeek, J.* (2025). Mapping the online manipulation economy. Science, 390(6778), 1112-1114. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adw8154

Hu, T., Kyrychenko, Y., Rathje, S., van der Linden, S., Collier, N., & Roozenbeek, J. (2025). Generative language models exhibit social identity biases. Nature Computational Science, 5(1), 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43588-024-00741-1

Marks, M., Kyrychenko, Y., Gärdebo, J., & Roozenbeek, J. (2025). Ingroup solidarity drives social media engagement after political crises. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(35), e2512765122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2512765122

Kyrychenko, Y., Brik, T., van der Linden, S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2024). Social identity correlates of social media engagement before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Nature Communications, 15(1), 8127. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52179-8

Ecker, U.K.H., Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., Tay, L.Q., Cook, J., Oreskes, N., & Lewandowsky, S. (2024). Misinformation poses a bigger threat to democracy than you might think. Nature, 630, 29-32. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-01587-3

Roozenbeek, J., Culloty, E., & Suiter, J. (2023). Countering misinformation: evidence, knowledge gaps, and implications of current interventions. European Psychologist, 28(3), 189-205. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000492

Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., Goldberg, B., Rathje, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2022). Psychological inoculation improves resilience against misinformation on social media. Science Advances, 8(34). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abo6254

Roozenbeek, J., Freeman, A.L.J., & van der Linden, S. (2021). How accurate are accuracy nudges? A preregistered direct replication of Pennycook et al. (2020). Psychological Science,32(7), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1177/09567976211024535

Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2019). Fake news game confers psychological resistance against online misinformation. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications,5(65). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-019-0279-9

Published, ordered chronologically

2026

Traberg, C. S., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2026). AI is turning research into a scientific monoculture. Nature Communications Psychology, 4(37). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-026-00428-5

Roozenbeek, J. (2026). A minimalist model of belief. Psychological Inquiry.

Roozenbeek, J., & Ma, I. (2026). Political protests, social media use and mental well-being. Nature Medicine, 32, 36-37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-025-04110-x

van der Linden, S., Louison-Lavoy, D., Blazer, N., Noble, N. S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2026). Prebunking misinformation techniques in social media feeds: Results from an Instagram field study. Harvard Kennedy School Misinformation Review. 7(1).https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-193

Nygren, T., Spearing, E., Fay, N., Vega, D., Hardwick, I. I., Roozenbeek, J., & Ecker, U. K. H. (2026). The seven roles of Artificial Intelligence: Potential and pitfalls in combating misinformation. Behavioral Science and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1177/23794607261417815

2025

Roozenbeek, J., Young, D. J., & Madsen, J. K. (2025). The wilful rejection of psychological and behavioural interventions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 66(102138). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2025.102138

Roozenbeek, J., Lasser, J., Qin, T., Marks, M., Garcia, D., Goldberg, B., Debnath, R., van der Linden, S., & Lewandowsky, S. (2025). Misinformation interventions and online sharing behaviour: Lessons learned from two preregistered field studies. Royal Society Open Science, 12(251377). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.251377

Maertens, R., Roozenbeek, J., Simons, J., Lewandowsky, S., Maturo, V., Goldberg, B., Xu, R., & van der Linden, S. (2025). Psychological booster shots targeting memory increase long-term resistance against misinformation. Nature Communications, 16(1), 2062. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-57205-x

Appel, R.E.*, Roozenbeek, J.*, Rayburn-Reeves, R., Basol, M., Corbin, J., Compton, J.A., & van der Linden, S. (2025). Psychological inoculation improves resilience to and reduces willingness to share vaccine misinformation. Scientific Reports, 15(29830). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09462-5

Roozenbeek, T., van den Berg, C., Lambooij, M., van der Linden, S., Maertens, R., Ferreira, J. A., & Roozenbeek, J. (2025). Trust in institutions and misinformation susceptibility both independently explain vaccine skepticism. Scientific Reports, 15(37665). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-21452-1

Roozenbeek, J. (2025). Review: Collisions: The Origins of the War in Ukraine and the New Global Instability by Michael Kimmage. Perspectives on Politics, 23(4),1686-1688. https://doi.org/10.1017/S153759272510220X

van Eck, C.*, Roozenbeek, J.*, Stevens, T., & Dewulf, A. (2025). Platform cultures and emotional communication about climate change: A comparison of affective language in the climate change blogo- and Twittersphere. International Journal of Communication, 19, 26–46. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/20076

van der Linden, S., Albarracín, D., Fazio, L., Freelon, D., Roozenbeek, J., Swire-Thompson, B., & Van Bavel, J. (2025). Using psychological science to understand and fight health misinformation: An APA consensus statement. American Psychologist.https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001598

Biddlestone, M., Roozenbeek, J., Culloty, E., Suiter, J., & van der Linden, S. (2025). Tune in to the prebunking network! Development and validation of six inoculation videos about manipulation tactics and logical fallacies. Political Psychology, 46(6), 1858-1886. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.70015

Biddlestone, M., Ziemer, C.T., Maertens, R., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2025). Norm-enhanced prebunking for actively open-minded thinking indirectly improves misinformation discernment and reduces conspiracy beliefs. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 121(104818). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2025.104818

Kyrychenko, Y., Koo, H., Maertens, R., Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., & Götz, F.M. (2025). Profiling misinformation susceptibility. Personality and Individual Differences, 241(113177). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2025.113177

Ecker, U.K.H., Tay, L.Q., Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., Cook, J., Oreskes, N., & Lewandowsky, S. (2025). Why misinformation must not be ignored. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0001448

2024

Roozenbeek, J., Remshard, M., & Kyrychenko, Y. (2024). Beyond the headlines: On the efficacy and effectiveness of misinformation interventions. Advances in Psychology, 2, e24569. https://doi.org/10.56296/aip00019

Leder, J., Schellinger, L.V., Maertens, R., van der Linden, S., Chryst, B., & Roozenbeek, J. (2024). Feedback exercises boost discernment of misinformation for gamified inoculation interventions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 153(8), 2068-2087. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001603

Capewell, G.*, Maertens, R.*, Remshard, M., Compton, J., van der Linden, S., Lewandowsky, S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2024). Misinformation interventions decay rapidly without an immediate post-test. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 54(8), 441-454. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.13049

van der Linden, S.*, & Roozenbeek, J.* (2024). “Inoculation” To Resist Misinformation. JAMA, 331(22), 1961-1962. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.5026

Maertens, R.*, Götz, F. M.*, Golino, H. F., Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C. R., Kyrychenko, Y., Kerr, J. R., Stieger, S., McClanahan, W. P., Drabot, K., He, J., & van der Linden, S. (2024). The Misinformation Susceptibility Test (MIST): A psychometrically validated measure of news veracity discernment. Behavior Research Methods, 56, 1863–1899. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-023-02124-2

Marcoci, A., Wilkinson, D.Pl., Vercammen, A., Wintle, B.C., …Roozenbeek, J., … & van der Linden, S. (2024). Predicting the replicability of social and behavioural science claims in COVID-19 preprints. Nature Human Behaviour, 9, 287–304.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01961-1

Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Cook, J., van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., Oreskes, N., & McIntyre, L. (2024). Liars Know They Are Lying: Differentiating Disinformation from Disagreement. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(986). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03503-6

Traberg, C.S., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2024). Gamified inoculation reduces susceptibility to misinformation from political ingroups. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-141

Axelsson, C.W., Nygren, T., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2024). Bad News in the civics classroom: How serious gameplay fosters teenagers’ ability to discern misinformation techniques. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 57(5), 992-1018. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2024.2338451

Traberg, C.S., Harjani, T., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2024). The persuasive effects of social cues and source effects on misinformation susceptibility. Scientific Reports, 14(4205). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54030-y

2023

Rathje, S., Roozenbeek, J., Van Bavel, J. J., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Accuracy and social motivations shape judgements of (mis)information. Nature Human Behaviour, 7, 892–903. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01540-w

Harrop, I.*, Roozenbeek, J.*, Madsen, J.K., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Inoculation can reduce the perceived reliability of polarizing social media content. International Journal of Communication,16, 1-24.

Saleh, N., Makki, F., van der Linden, S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2023). Inoculating Against Extremist Persuasion Techniques – Results from Rollout in Post-Conflict Areas in Iraq. Advances in Psychology, 1(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.56296/aip00005

Lewandowsky, S., Ecker, U. K. H., Cook, J., van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., & Oreskes, N. (2023). Misinformation and the epistemic integrity of democracy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 101711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101711

Harjani, T., Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2023). gamified inoculation against misinformation in India: a randomised control trial. Journal of Trial and Error, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.36850/e12

Kukowski, C., Hofmann, W., Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., Vandenbergh, M.P., & Nielsen, K.S. (2023).  The perceived feasibility of behavior change is positively associated with support for domain-matched climate policies. One Earth, 6(11), 1554-1563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oneear.2023.10.017

van der Linden, S., Swire-Thompson, B., & Roozenbeek, J. (2023). Editorial - The truth is out there: The psychology of conspiracy theories and how to counter them. Applied Cognitive Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4054

Neylan, J., Biddlestone, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2023). How to “inoculate” against multimodal misinformation: A conceptual replication of Roozenbeek and van der Linden (2020). Scientific Reports, 13(1), 18273. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43885-2

Wilhelm, E., Ballalai, I., … Roozenbeek, J., …, & Purnat, T. (2023). Measuring the Burden of Infodemics: Summary of the Methods and Results of the Fifth WHO Infodemic Management Conference. JMIR Epidemiology, 3. https://doi.org/10.2196/44207

2022

Roozenbeek, J., & Zollo, F. (2022). Democratize social-media research—with access and funding. Nature, 612(7940), 404. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-04407-8

Roozenbeek, J., Maertens, R., Herzog, S., Geers, M., Kurvers, R., Sultan, M., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Susceptibility to misinformation is consistent across question framings and response modes and better explained by myside bias and partisanship than analytical thinking. Judgment and Decision Making,17(3), 547-573.

Roozenbeek, J., Traberg, C.S., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Technique-based inoculation against real-world misinformation. Royal Society Open Science,9(211719). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211719

Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). How to combat health misinformation: a psychological approach. American Journal of Health Promotion, 36(3), 569-575. https://doi.org/10.1177/08901171211070958

Biddlestone, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Once (but not twice) upon a time: Narrative inoculation against conjunction errors indirectly reduces conspiracy beliefs and improves truth discernment.Applied Cognitive Psychology, 37(2), 304-318. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.4025

Pilditch, T., Roozenbeek, J., Madsen, J.K., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Psychological inoculation can reduce susceptibility to misinformation in large rational agent networks. Royal Society Open Science, 9(211953).https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211953

Traberg, C.S., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Psychological inoculation against misinformation: Current evidence and future directions. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 700(1), 136-151. https://doi.org/10.1177/00027162221087936

Rathje, S., Roozenbeek, J., Traberg, C.S., Van Bavel, J.J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Letter to the editors of Psychological Science: Meta-analysis reveals that accuracy nudges have little to no effect for US Conservatives: Regarding Pennycook et al. (2020). Psychological Science. https://doi.org/10.25384/SAGE.12594110.v2

Rathje, S., He, J., Roozenbeek, J., Van Bavel, J.J., & van der Linden, S. (2022). Social media behavior is associated with vaccine hesitancy. PNAS Nexus, 1(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac207

2021

Roozenbeek, J., Maertens, R., McClanahan, W.P.M., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Disentangling item and testing effects in inoculation research on online misinformation: Solomon revisited. Psychological and Educational Measurement, 81(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164420940378

Basol, M.*, Roozenbeek, J.*, Berriche, M., Uenal, F., McClanahan, W.P., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Towards psychological herd immunity: Cross-cultural evidence for two prebunking interventions against COVID-19 misinformation. Big Data & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517211013868

Saleh, N.*, Roozenbeek, J.*, McClanahan, W.P.M., Makki, F., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Active inoculation boosts attitudinal resistance against extremist persuasion techniques – A novel approach towards the prevention of violent extremism. Behavioural Public Policy.https://doi.org/10.1017/bpp.2020.60

Fong, A., Roozenbeek, J., Goldwert, D., Rathje, S., & van der Linden, S. (2021). The language of conspiracy: A psychological analysis of speech used by conspiracy theorists and their followers on Twitter. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 24(4), 606-623. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430220987596

van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., Maertens, R., Basol, M., Kacha, O., Rathje, S., & Traberg, C.S. (2021). How can psychological science help counter the spread of fake news? Spanish Journal of Psychology, 24, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2021.23

Maertens, R., Roozenbeek, J., Basol, M., & van der Linden, S. (2021). The long-term effectiveness of inoculation against misinformation: Three longitudinal experiments. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 27(1), 1-16.https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000315

Uenal, F., Sidanius, J., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2021). Climate change threats increase modern racism as a function of social dominance orientation and ingroup identification. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 97(104228). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104228

Dan, V., Paris, B., Donovan, J., Hameleers, M., Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., & von Sikorski, C. (2021). Visual mis- and disinformation, social media, and democracy. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 98(3), 641-664. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990211035395

2020

Roozenbeek, J., Schneider, C.R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A.L.J., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A.M., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Susceptibility to misinformation about COVID-19 around the world. Royal Society Open Science, 7(2011199). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201199

Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Breaking Harmony Square: A game that “inoculates” against political misinformation. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review, 1(8). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-47

Roozenbeek, J. (2020). Identity discourse in local newspapers before, during and after military conflict: a case study of Kramatorsk. Demokratizatsiya: The Journal of Post-Soviet Democratization, 28(3).

Roozenbeek, J., van der Linden, S., & Nygren, T. (2020). Prebunking interventions based on "inoculation" theory can reduce susceptibility to misinformation across cultures. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review,1(2). https://doi.org/10.37016//mr-2020-008

van der Linden, S., Roozenbeek, J., & Compton, J. (2020). Inoculating against misinformation about COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology,11(566790). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.566790

Basol, M., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Good news about Bad News: Gamified inoculation boosts confidence and cultivates cognitive immunity against fake news. Journal of Cognition,3(1) (2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.91

van der Linden, S., Panagopoulos, K., & Roozenbeek, J. (2020). You are fake news: the emergence of political bias in perceptions of fake news. Media, Culture & Society, 42(3), 460-470. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443720906992

2017 – 2019

Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2019). The Fake News Game: actively inoculating against the risk of misinformation. Journal of Risk Research, 22(5), 570-580. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2018.1443491

Roozenbeek, J., & Salvador Palau, A. (2017). I read it on Reddit: exploring the role of online communities in the 2016 US elections news cycle. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Social Informatics, pp. 192-220.

Roozenbeek, J., & Terentieva, M. (2017). Attention Please! - Exploring attention management on Wikipedia in the context of the Ukrainian crisis. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Social Informatics, pp. 169-191.